Cutan Ocul Toxicol. 2025 Jun 4:1-9. doi: 10.1080/15569527.2025.2511721. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Primary immune deficiencies (PIDs) can present with a wide range of clinical findings. This review aims to evaluate PIDs in which cutaneous findings are common.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: English literature regarding cutaneous manifestations of primary immunodeficiencies was reviewed using PubMed between January 2005 and March 2023.
RESULTS: Cutaneous findings in PIDs can be broadly classified into two main groups: infectious and non-infectious. The most prevalent skin finding in PIDs is cutaneous infections (bacterial, fungal, and viral), and these infections often manifest as early-onset, recurrent, treatment-resistant, or atypical cases. Eczema is being the most frequent among non-infectious findings. Cutaneous manifestations, such as erythroderma, telangiectasia, granulomatous dermatitis, and autoimmune symptoms like alopecia and vitiligo can also occur.
CONCLUSION: Cutaneous manifestations in PIDs can assist clinicians in making early diagnoses, enabling patients to receive appropriate therapy promptly.
PMID:40465559 | DOI:10.1080/15569527.2025.2511721
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